Download citation memory attacks on deviceindependent quantum cryptography deviceindependent quantum cryptographic schemes aim to guarantee security to users based only on the output. Quantum cryptographyfrom singlephoton transmission, key extraction methods to novel quantum information protocols. T1 memory attacks on deviceindependent quantum cryptography. Semideviceindependent multiparty quantum key distribution.
It is emerging as an essential device to enhance security, speed, scalability, and performance of many quantum systems used in communications, computing, metrology, and more. Quantum key distribution qkd 1, 2 is one of the most active areas in quantum information 3, 4, with a. Possible defenses include securely destroying or isolating used devices. In theory, quantum key distribution is unconditionally secure but, in reality, practical devices are prone to attacks. Post quantum cryptography, like the rest of cryptography, covers a wide range of securecommunication tasks, ranging from secretkey operations, publickey signatures, and publickey encryption to highlevel operations such as secure electronic voting. Apr 21, 2018 while fully device independent security in bb84like prepareandmeasure quantum key distribution qkd is impossible, it can be guaranteed against individual attacks in a semi device independent sdi scenario, wherein no assumptions are made on the characteristics of the hardware used except for an upper bound on the dimension of the communicated system. A quantum cryptographic protocol is device independent if its security does not rely on trusting that the quantum devices used are truthful. Lncs 7881 onesided deviceindependent qkd and position. Reading group on entanglement and cryptography reading list.
In case of devices with memory whose behaviour may change during the protocol. Deviceindependent bit commitment based on the chsh inequality. Sorry, our data provider has not provided any external links therefor we are unable to provide a pdf. Compared with full deviceindependent quantum key distribution diqkd, oneside device. Since this would protect users against untrustworthy or. Optical quantum memory and its applications in quantum. Fully deviceindependent conference key agreement qutech. We note the potential threat of location attacks, in which the behaviour of untrusted devices used in relativistic quantum cryptography depends on their spacetime location. The best known example of quantum cryptography is quantum key distribution which offers an informationtheoretically secure solution to the key exchange problem. A quantum cryptographic protocol is deviceindependent if its security does not rely on trusting that the quantum devices used are truthful. Nonetheless, in the absence of tight theoretical bounds on the scope for deviceindependent quantum cryptography, progress to. In particular, the devices may have quantum memory and share arbitrary. Memory attacksondeviceindependent quantum cryptography. Romain alleaume works on quantum cryptography and quantum information.
Robust protocols for securely expanding randomness and distributing keys using untrusted quantum devices. Memory attacks on device independent quantum cryptography. In our analysis, we construct the relation between a secret key rate of the. Optical quantum memory is a device that can store the quantum state of photons and retrieve it on demand and with high fidelity.
Unfortunately, it is insecure against continuous memory attacks, since the component keys of the onetime signatures are kept in memory for many periods even though they are not accessed, and hence can completely leak in the memory attack model. Kent, memory attacks on deviceindependent quantum cryptography, phys. So, in theory, it is impossible for an eavesdropper to intercept a quantum encryption key without disrupting it. Quantum hacking in the age of measurementdeviceindependent quantum cryptography by anqi huang a thesis presented to the university of waterloo in ful llment of the thesis requirement for the degree of doctor of philosophy in electrical and computer engineering quantum information waterloo, ontario, canada, 2018 c anqi huang 2018. Deviceindependent security of quantum cryptography against collective attacks antonio ac. It is based on the principle that you cannot make measurements of a quantum system without disturbing it. It is onesided device independent, which means the security of the generated key is independent of any memoryfree attacks on the remote detector. Practical deviceindependent quantum cryptography via entropy. Deviceindependent quantum cryptographic schemes aim to guarantee security to users based only on the output statistics of any components used, and without the need to verify their internal functionality. In the usual security model, security against collective attacks implies security against the most general type of attacks 16. Conclusion quantum cryptography is a major achievement in security engineering. Deviceindependent quantum key distribution secure against collective attacks. Deviceindependent relativistic quantum bit commitment.
The device independent quantum key distribution aims at modifying the original quantum key distribution to be safe in case of untrusted thirdparty devices. Device independent quantum cryptographic schemes aim to guarantee security to users based only on the output statistics of any components used, and without the need to verify their internal functionality. Finitekey analysis for measurementdeviceindependent. We propose other more practical partial defences as well as a new protocol structure for deviceindependent quantum key distribution that aims to achieve composable security in the case of two parties using a small number of devices to repeatedly share keys with each another and no other party. On the security of semideviceindependent qkd protocols. Since this would protect users against untrustworthy or incompetent manufacturers, sabotage or device degradation, this idea has excited much interest, and many deviceindependent schemes. Quantum hacking in the age of measurement device independent quantum cryptography by anqi huang a thesis presented to the university of waterloo in ful llment of the thesis requirement for the degree of doctor of philosophy in electrical and computer engineering quantum information waterloo, ontario, canada, 2018 c anqi huang 2018. We propose other more practical partial defences as well as a new protocol structure for deviceindependent quantum key distribution that aims to. We present the optimal collective attack on a quantum key distribution qkd protocol in the device independent security scenario, where no assumptions are made about the way the qkd devices work or on what quantum system they operate.
The deviceindependent quantum key distribution aims at modifying the original quantum key distribution to be safe in case of untrusted thirdparty devices. Jan 31, 2018 device independent cryptography goes beyond conventional quantum cryptography by providing security that holds independently of the quality of the underlying physical devices. Deviceindependent quantum cryptographic schemes aim to guarantee security to users based only on the output statistics of any components used. We describe relativistic quantum bit commitment schemes that are immune to these attacks, and show that these schemes offer device. We examine the possibility of deviceindependent relativistic quantum bit commitment. The aim of quantum key distribution is for two computers, alice and bob, to share a common cryptographic key through communications over. Under practical noisy quantum channel condition, the photon transmission loss and photon state decoherence would reduce diqsdcs communication.
Proceedings of the 1999 congress on evolutionary computationcec99 cat. This central question dates back to the early 1990s when the challenge of achieving deviceindependent quantum key distribution was first formulated. Oct 08, 2018 however, in view of the memory attacks recently proposed against device independent qkd, as well as the many hardware and software trojan horse attacks that threaten the security of conventional cryptography today, such trust is a very strong and unjustified assumption. One of the main applications of device independence so far is to quantum key distribution. The aim of quantum key distribution is for two computers, alice and bob, to share a common cryptographic key through communications over public channels. Deviceindependent quantum key distribution diqkd protocols aim at generating a. Deviceindependent security of quantum cryptography against. Pdf onesided deviceindependent quantum key distribution. Our analysis provides an asymptotic secret key rate of the multiparty qkd under the restriction that successive trials are completely independent.
As an example of our framework, we reprove a recent result from deviceindependent quantum cryptography. Oct 20, 2014 although jonathan barrett and his coauthors published 2,3 a strong device independent quantum key distribution diqkd security guarantee in 2005, it focused on a weaker set of constraints than. Note that the quantum device may also have a quantum memory, but this quantum memory at. The key sizes must be significantly larger than symmetric cryptography to achieve the same level of protection. Osa experimental demonstration of gaussian protocols for. Quantum cryptography for internet of things security. We propose other more practical partial defences as well as a new protocol structure for device independent quantum key distribution that aims to achieve composable security in the case of two parties using a small number of devices to repeatedly share keys with each another and no other party. Apr 22, 2012 in fact, transmission of very large documents is prohibitive. Quantum hacking in the age of measurementdeviceindependent. Deviceindependent twoparty cryptography secure against sequential attacks jdrzej kaniewski and stephanie wehnerdeviceindependent quantum key distribution secure against collective attacks stefano pironio, antonio acin, nicolas brunner et al. Since continuousvariable encoding is compatible with conventional optical communication technology, our work is a step towards practical implementations of quantum key distribution with stateofthe. Nonetheless, in the absence of tight theoretical bounds on the scope for deviceindependent quantum cryptography, progress to date has encouraged optimism e. Deviceindependent security of quantum cryptography against collective attacks.
Device independent quantum key distribution secure against coherent attacks with memoryless measurement devices. Memory attacks on deviceindependent quantum cryptography. Measurement device independent quantum key distribution promises to overcome. We answer this challenge by rigorously proving the deviceindependent security of a slight variant of ekerts original entanglementbased protocol against the most general coherent attacks. Shor and preskill, 2000 22 quantum key distribution provides perfect security because, unlike its. This can lead to reallife attacks against provably secure qkd schemes. Pdf practical deviceindependent quantum cryptography via. Thus the security analysis of such a protocol needs to consider scenarios of imperfect or even malicious devices. Since this would protect users against untrustworthy or incompetent manufacturers, sabotage or device degradation, this idea has excited much interest, and many deviceindependent. We propose other more practical partial defenses as well as a new protocol structure for deviceindependent quantum key distribution that aims to achieve composable security in the case of two parties using a small number of devices to repeatedly share keys with each other and no other party. This differs from informationtheoretic security, which is independent of all future.
Is the security of quantum cryptography guaranteed by the. We give a graphical exposition of a proof of this result and implement parts of it in the globular proof assistant. Although jonathan barrett and his coauthors published 2,3 a strong deviceindependent quantum key distribution diqkd security guarantee in 2005, it. Deviceindependent quantum secure direct communication. We present the optimal collective attack on a quantum key distribution qkd protocol in the deviceindependent security scenario, where no assumptions are made about the way the qkd devices work or on what quantum system they operate. Sorry, our data provider has not provided any external links therefore we are unable to provide a link to the full text. Buchmann at 5th international conference on quantum cryptography qcrypt 2015 in hitotsubashi hall, tokyo, october 2nd, 2015. Quantum cryptography is often touted as being perfectly secure. Quantum cryptography protocols robust against photon number splitting attacks valerio scarani1. In the paper, we put forward the first deviceindependent quantum secure direct communication diqsdc protocol and analyze its security and communication efficiency against collective attacks. In this work, we show that the standard bb84 qkd scheme is onesided deviceindependent. Keyrate obtained in our protocol middle curve, expressed as a fraction of the raw key bits obtained from the key rounds.
Deviceindependent quantum key distribution secure against. This means that security holds even if bobs quantum device is arbitrarily malicious, as long as alices device behaves as it should. Memory attacks on deviceindependent quantum cryptography core. Siam journal on computing siam society for industrial and. Highrate measurementdeviceindependent quantum cryptography. Quantum cryptography di ers from conventional cryptography in that the data are kept secret by the properties of quantum mechanics, rather than the conjectured di culty of computing certain functions. T1 memory attacks on device independent quantum cryptography. Deviceindependent bit commitment based on the chsh. Jul, 2006 quantum cryptography from singlephoton transmission, key extraction methods to novel quantum information protocols. This cited by count includes citations to the following articles in scholar.
Deviceindependent security of quantum cryptography. Quantum discord as a resource for quantum cryptography. Quantum cryptography protocols robust against photon. Deviceindependent cryptography goes beyond conventional quantum cryptography by providing security that holds independently of the quality of. While fully deviceindependent security in bb84like prepareandmeasure quantum key distribution qkd is impossible, it can be guaranteed against individual attacks in a semideviceindependent sdi scenario, wherein no assumptions are made on the characteristics of the hardware used except for an upper bound on the dimension of the communicated system.
However, their proof relied on the assumption that the devices can be reused independently no memory, no correlation between different uses. Download citation memory attacks on device independent quantum cryptography device independent quantum cryptographic schemes aim to guarantee security to users based only on the output. Postquantum cryptography, like the rest of cryptography, covers a wide range of securecommunication tasks, ranging from secretkey operations, publickey signatures, and publickey encryption to highlevel operations such as secure electronic voting. In standard quantum key distribution qkd protocols, the security proofs assume. Successful attack against a quantum cryptography system. Quantum cryptography definition and meaning collins english. Public key cryptography is susceptible to impersonation attacks. Implementation security of quantum cryptography etsi. Pdf on the security of semideviceindependent qkd protocols. Fully deviceindependent quantum key distribution caltech authors. Graphical methods in deviceindependent quantum cryptography. Post quantum cryptography is, in general, a quite different topic from quantum cryptography. Apr 29, 2014 in theory, quantum key distribution is unconditionally secure but, in reality, practical devices are prone to attacks.
First, memory attacks have emerged as an important threat to the security of even deviceindependent quantum key distribution diqkd, whenever qkd devices are reused. Postquantum cryptography is, in general, a quite different topic from quantum cryptography. However, in view of the memory attacks recently proposed against deviceindependent qkd, as well as the many hardware and software trojan horse attacks that threaten the security of conventional cryptography today, such trust is a very strong and unjustified assumption. Jan 20, 2012 device independent quantum cryptographic schemes aim to guarantee security to users based only on the output statistics of any components used, and without the need to verify their internal functionality.
Pdf deviceindependent cryptography goes beyond conventional quantum cryptography by providing. Distilling common randomness from bipartite quantum states. In fact, transmission of very large documents is prohibitive. This has led to much interest in deviceindependent quantum protocols, which aim to guarantee security on the. Since this would protect users against untrustworthy or incompetent manufacturers, sabotage or device degradation, this idea has excited much interest, and many device independent schemes. The advantage of quantum cryptography lies in the fact that it allows. Quantum cryptography is the science of exploiting quantum mechanical properties to perform cryptographic tasks. Delayed measurement with a qubit of quantum memory. Known provably secure schemes for deviceindependent quantum key distribution are ine. Robust protocols for securely expanding randomness and. Quantum randomness extraction for various levels of characterization of the devices.
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